The impact of COVID on labour market in Latin America and Chile

Covid-19 has Changed our life

The economy was very impacted

Many people lost their job around the world

The objetive of the presentation

To describe how was the impact of COVID 19 on the labour market in Latin America and Chile.

- How big was the impact?

- Who were the most affected?

- How labour relations changed ?

Some facts

- The International Monetary Fund (IMF) estimates that regional GPN was contracted in 9.4% in 2020.

- According to International Labour Organization (ILO), 34 millions of jobs was lost in latinamerica because the crisis, where women, young people (under 24 years) and migrants were the most affected.

- the hours worked in 2020 was 20% lower than 2019, while incomes was contrated in 19.3%.

How about Chile?

Figure 2. Unemployment rate in Chile, 2010-2021 (January).

Who was the most affected?

Figure 3. Unemployment rate by economic activity in Chile, 2020.

Changes on the labour process

New technologies and automatization

- Data and communication industry

- Platform works

- Teleworking jobs

Conclusions

- Coronavirus has changed our way of life, thus economic activities too.

- Some years will pass until the previous rates of employment will recovered, even if the herd inmunity is reached.

- COVID 19 has accelerated the changes on labour process and the States must be prepared to adapt to the new conditions.

What is a good film for me?

I really love view movies, but I don’t think than I have much acknowledge about the art of movie. I like classic movies, but I love watch documentaries, but I like many movies too.

I don’t know what kind of movie is the most I like. For example, I don’t like the action movies a lot, but my favorite director is Quentin Tarantino. I love all the movies of Tarantino, is my favorite director, because I love the form how he direct the action. His movies are not a typical American action movie, with a lot of special effects and fantastic histories. His movies have long and interesting conversations about things of our normal life, and in an unexpected moment something happens and makes you surprise and feel your heart jump for everywhere.

The last time than I really felt hypnotized whit a movie was “In to the Wild”. It is a real history of Christopher McCandless, a young boy from USA. When he finished her studies of law in 1990 he decided escape from the society and began a travel around North America. He burned his money and leaved her family and everything. He traveled for two years. He was founded frozen in Alaska in a bus in the middle of the snow. Before he died, he wrote a message: “The happiness is just real when is shared”.

I like the smart movies. The form and the content are important in movies for me, in special the content. I hate when the argue of a movie is stupid, ridiculous or improbable to happen. I don’t like the best seller too much. Unfortunately, the movie’s industries depend –like in every thing- of the market, so the most films have much special effects, but were not well thought.

How Green Am I?

I think about this stuff a lot, but I don’t do many thinks about it. I try to learn more about the environment and I read a lot of this stuff, especially about the pollution and the climate change. In my work I must read a lot of text about the development and the three dimension of this are: economic development, well-being and environment, so I have much information of this theme.

I’m worry about the pollution, the climate change and the consume of the resources of the earth, but I don’t participate in any group or green movement, although my sister is so green and she was participated in many activities of environment care and the rights of the animals. However, I try to don’t make much damage to the environment. I love ride in bicycle, don’t use many plastic bags or stock-market, etc. I think in Santiago must to be more recycling centers and the people must to learn much more about this stuff.

The earth is life and we are kill it today. I read an article few days ago, and in it was tell than if we continue consuming the natural resources how we do today, in the year 2030 we will need a new planet. But we don’t have another planet, so we must care the earth, because if we don’t do it, the futures generations will have a life like a shit.

Direct funding of the poor is the key to helping them deal with climate change

There is an emerging consensus that the impact of climate change will fall disproportionately on the world's poor, whose lack of resources makes them particularly vulnerable. But given the uncertainties and pitfalls of spending heavily on climate change adaptation, how to we make sure the money ends up with those on the frontline?
Cash transfers – whereby small but significant amounts of money are given directly to the poor – could be one way.
The book destroys various myths about cash transfers, the biggest being that the money makes the poor lazy, allowing them to maintain a basic subsistence level without working as hard. In fact, evidence shows that, by providing a route out of poverty, the money can encourage participation in labour markets and productive investments. Moreover, cash transfer programmes can be tailored to circumstance. Some are specifically aimed at particular groups within the poor. What's more, cash transfers can stimulate local economies, because the poor tend to buy a large amount of their products locally.Cash transfers cannot reduce vulnerability to climate change directly, and it is unlikely the poor will use them specifically to prepare for climate related events. But by putting more assets and resources in their hands the cash transfers will increase their capacity to adapt. The result will not be perfect, but it may be preferable to strategies which aim to predict climate-related phenomena. That transfers must be accompanied by parallel improvements in services such as health and education, which should be the responsibility of governments. In the long run, the poor will also need to become better informed about the threats posed by climate change. Nor will cash transfers address broader adaptation issues.

By Rachel Godfrey Wood.

http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/poverty-matters/2010/oct/14/climate-change-adaptation-finanace-poverty

New poverty measure

I like to improve the form what we measuring the poverty, because how we do it is not a good measure. In the last thirty years, the poverty was change, but not the way how we measuring. Gabriel Salazar talks about this.

Years ago, poor people don’t have any material thing. they don’t have food, don’t have shoes, don’t have house, etc. But today, the people have a choice that they don’t have before: They can debt. So, poor people don’t seem like the people of those days. Who is the poor today? The poor is the “flayte”. He a have brand t-shirt, brand jacket, brand shoes, a modern and technologic cell, etc. But, they still lives in bad situation. They don’t have good education; don’t have steady job or don’t have it and work to pay his debts. In present times, the consume is in the center of our life, so we spend our money in many things, especially in technologic thing. That can explain the looting after the earthquake. If the people have modern and technologic material thing, they feel better, because this things have symbolic power. There is a new way of poverty.

In conclusion, we need create a new measure to measuring the poverty. If we do it, is too probable than the figures and average of poor people in our society grow up.

Uruguay

I want to travel to Uruguay, because I went this summer and I loved, so I will back there this summer. A friend and I will travel around South America the next and Uruguay will be one of the countries than we will visit, off curse.

Uruguay is a little country of South America and it is a very beautiful country, especially for his beaches. But the people who lives here are great, cause are so gentle, friendly, helpful, and so on. They are too smart, because there are high levels of education in the population and the bit between rich and poor people is small. So is too nice be there.

We don’t want go to Punta del Este, because we thing is so commercial, tourist and expensive. We want to go to Valizas and Cabo Polonio. They are a beaches so relaxed and hippies, jajaja. There is not electric light, neither hot water. His streets are unpaved, so you can walk without shoes and in the night you can see a lot of stars in the sky, because there are not light and pollution. If you can visit this places wherever, please do it, you will join it. The only problem is a expensive country.

My blogging experience.

Well, I must to say it’s so hard to me, because –at first- was my first time than I wrote in a blog and was my first time writing think about myself in other language too. Generally I can read in English and listen too, but is my first time writing and I can know how bad I was. Many times I have to help me with a dictionary or translate programs. Others times I ask to a friend what is the word for a think or is it OK the grammar of the sentence.
I enjoy writing in the blog because I think is a good way to practice your Knowles in a different language. I think I have a better grammar now than in the beginning of the semester. And I like wrote the topics, because was so funny and interesting. The only think I am not enjoyed was have to do it in class, because I think I can do it in our homes. It is so difficult when all yours friend are in party next to the classroom, jajaja.
The blog experience help a lot writing new word and trying to write about me, about thinks of my life and about thinking of me. The advantages of do these exercises are: you will improve so much better when you have to talk in English and when you have to write. Also, you will express your ideas better too. I don’t know if exist a disadvantage for this exercises, I don´t think so.Well, I really have not so much to say, but I have to say it was a new experience, interesting experience and too useful. But, honestly, I don’t think I will use it again, because don’t use to write about me.

The football

The football or soccer in USA is the most famous sport around the world and is my favorite too. It is playing between two team who trying to score a goal. To do it, they using his foots to kicking a ball. Officially are eleven members of the team playing in the field, one goalkeeper and ten field players, but are many ways to play this game. For example, can play it between two teams of five or seven members, the difference is the side of the field and the ball.
However, I think to the football is the sport who anybody can play, because you only need for little stones to make the goals and a ball. If you want to swimming, you will need a pool. If you want to play basketball, you will need a basket and a bouncing ball. Maybe for that is so popular. Is the sport of the people.
I love this game, because seems to be easy, but is not. You need talent to play good and - the most important – be too smart. The football is a sport of eleven player running after a ball. Everyone have a special function in the field. That is the tactic. So you need know very well the play, his logical, to be a good player. Also, is a complex game, are a many ways to play the games, many formations, etc.
I play football a lot. All the weekends try to play with my friends of my house, but I play in the faculty team. I play in the Cretinos -a team of friends of the university- and try to play one match every week. I have to training too, sometimes in the gym, other times in the university field with the team. I organize a championship too in the campus, so maybe I have to be a referee. How can you see, I really love this game.

This picture was taken in 10 of november of 2001. I really don't know who was taken it, but I’m sure what was a one of the many photographers were that day in the Bombonera, the stadium of Boca Juniors. It is in the Barrio la Boca, in Buenos Aires Argentina.

I found the image in internet in a fan's page, so this explains the bad quality.

Diego Armando Maradona is the persons in the photo. It was taken for the last match of Diego, for his tribute.

I choose this pictures, cause -at first- I'm a great fan of Maradona, I'm fans of him inside and out side of the field. I think he was the greatest player of all history. Diego don't know shut up his mount, he always say what he thinks and if don't like anything he will be angry. This is the feature what make to Maradona hated by a lot of people, but is the feature what make - I think- a valuable person. I think Maradona is a character not too much valued by the left, because he is really a political person.

In the picture we can see to Maradona with the Argentinian team t shirt, and under of this, the t-shirt of boca junior of Juan Roman Riquelme. The photo is too symbolic, cause represents the last 15 years of history of Boca, about his idols. The last official match of Maradona was in 1997 against River Plate, the classic rival. Diego was changed in the second half by a young Riquelme. Years later, Roman will became in a one of greatest idol of Boca Juniors. For the tribute match of Maradona, Riquelme gave his T-shirt and Diego dressed under the Argentina's shirt. This picture shows the end of the career of a great idol and the born of a new great idol.

Pulp Fiction

I’m not really sure about what is my favorite movie, I like a lot of them for many reasons, but if I must choose only one, I will say tan my favorite movie of all time is Pulp Fiction.

This movie was directed by Quentin Tarantino in 1994. Is an american movie of crime and accion. This have a great Starring like John Travolta, Samuel L. Jackson, Uma Thurman, between others.

This movie talk three histories in one, all in relations with the americans gánster. Have problems with drougs, with her wife, with a booty. Are really raw, but funny.

I love all the movies of Tarantino, is my favorite director, because I love the form of he directed the accion, His movies aren´t like a ussual american accion movie, with a lot of special efects and fantastic histories. His movies have a long interesting convesations about regular thinks of our life, and in an unexpected moment something happen and make u sorprisse and feel your heart jump for everywhere. In his movies you will feel laughter, scared, tension, and many differents feelings.

This is may be the greatest of all his movies, so I choose that how my favorite. This movie won a lot awards. Pulp Fiction won the following major honors.

Play Station rules!

My play estation is my favorite piece of technology. I got my PS2 two years ago. I bought it for a Christmas, was gift to myself, jaja. Since that day, I play in it every day a little. I search new games in internet and download it, so I have many games, but always play the same: pro evolution soccer, cause is a great game, you can play with your friends and never ends, don´t have finish, And every year download a new version. I’m very good for it.
I have others games too. they are great, sure. But you must to play alone, cause are for one player and have a ending, so when you finish it don´t want to play again.
I like too much the music’s games too. I have a guitar for my PS2 and you can play famous song in the play station.
When you are boring, you can call to your friend and have a good time playing.
I am thinking in buy a Play Station 3 sometimes, but is so expensive and I’m thinking use the money to others thinks.
Without my play station my life shouldn't change a lot, cause is not the too important, but is so great to kill the time.